Tobacco Documents Online

KAC/~e,1/62 12 November 1964 Project ~-IIP Review of P~¢z~ms - 5/6 November 1984 l~nt: Mr Tilford Riehl ) Mr Drew UcMur~rle ) Dr Volker Heem~nn Dr Robin Crellln Brown & Williamson BAT Germany GRaDC with contributlon~s from:- Dr George Few Dr John Green ~b~ Paul Case Dr Martin Duke Dr DLvid Robinson Dr David ~tkln OONCIJJSIONS At the outset of Project ~IF, seven sub-projecLs (numbered I to VII) were created (April 1964). The dec~ intention was to deliver answers within the tlmes~le of the aurrent pbLse of B & W product development, le approxJ~tely 6 months. It m stated that item I, II, V and VII oould be expected to fit this framework. Items III, IV and VI were expected to deliver o~ty pro~J~t~ml a.nmmra ~thkn the ttmm~.a~e; prm~Lded thor pz~_siona~ answers ~re positive, the full pz~grsame for these items mLI;bt occupy 12 - 18 months. 2 The prediction has proven to be pe~tnLtsttc. Items I, 1I, V, VI and VII s~ne now alemt complete. FtnL1 f~_m~Ln~s~rLll be pr~ented in an O~tc~r/l~~r ~ Report. m C~ O~ BAT Co LTD - MINNE,SOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

-2- 3 4 Items III (~L-m/~eet C~x~s~) and IV (l~:tl. Release ~fects) hLve now assumed & greater importance for B & I, Althou~ most of the answers ori~Ln~lly sought frau these two sub-projects have been obtained, additional inform~tlon is now r~luir~. (Exlsti~ answers wtll also be prmmnted in the Octo~r/~bvember report). The rationale 'for a ~urther short (3-4 months) study ccmbtnin8 and developing the work of sub-proJect~ 111 and IV is ~ folloms. B i W &re clcee ~ caes~ttln~ themselm 'to a. major product cha4~e which is an imporl~nt cae~ponent of the A~LELIA/~Er~ thinking. The following ch~rt dep£cts the intention and comprises:- a) elimination of non-tobacco fibre b) dinitr~t£on o~ all BurLey sl~n (dLscLrding o£ aqueous extract) c) incorponktlon of all EkLrley stem into sheet d) addition of DAP/su~rs during sheet-making m (Z:> f~3 OO ~j 0 O~ P~ BAT Co LTD - MINNF+.F, OTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

-3- E~st~nt ~ riced I..AMINA NOlq--'roBA~ FIN~ FZ~.E / s J ., "~Ll.1 o .sj o~ ~,sJ ~ ~ \\ WTS PrLctlce g production P J ~J~eltzer sheet 50/50 - ~_J.~.-cmJD/~m~Y rrs extn~:ted Burley stem z~mtltuted smmt oD O O~ O', BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

-4- 5 So far, we hLve studied the properties of PPJS and modlficLtions to ~t under item r11 (~n compLrtson ~£th WrS) and l~e properties o,1[ RCB (the Pb£1ip I~r;q~ bmtd-reconst~tuted tot~cco e~nULtntng DAP/sul~rs) under item IV. S£nce EBB is & new mte~JL1 w~th scsae of the propez%£es of P~S and some O.~ ~ pz~pez~les of ~.CB, ~t~t is now needed 1~ a short programme conoentz~ted upon the incxxq~r~mon of gBR ~rith PI~S and RCB. 6 The atUtctmd dcx:mmnt outlines the key elements in l~e prcqx=aed additiorml programae of work w~Lch aze necemmry to obl~ln ~e z~4i~t level of mrenems ¢oncernLn~ EB~t. 0 Co -~j C~ r~3 BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

-5- project m xP OBdECTIVE To i~Ln, through a combination of c~mstion, £iltz~tion and c~togz~p~tc reseax¢4~, Ln unde~stan@Lng of t4~e z~lAtions~Lp of E~t ~logY to PPJS Lnd RC3, in terms o£ nicotine scavenging fz~m lm~LnL b) nicotine tz~nsfer efficiency into minstz~m c) fz~e b~se/vapour nicotine release d) n£coti~e fL~tz~tion by tobacco columm and acetate f~iters e) effect of pectin levels on nicotine m~nipuJ~t£on Lhermal ~lt£on of nicot£ne pectJmAte g) tbez~l degrad~t£o~ of ~Lcot£ne on ~Lgb temPer~ttLre z~leaae b) effect of nttz~te levels on nicotine release BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION o O oN P,O

~o a) NicoC£ne Sca.ven~Ar~ ,fz'cm I..m~na Work already con~leCe has demonstrated the ntcoLtne scave%~ng abtlity of P~ and RCB-S (the Louisville sJ~ulztion of ~). XP~S-?8 (-~a) ham also been shown to ~ve only a sltiht s~.~ven~ng property. The scavenging rate~ correlate broadly with Hamburl d~La concerning pectAn levels. Adclitlon&l work on tl~Ls 1;oplc (to be ¢Jtrz-ied out in Hamburt~) w:L11 involve exLract£on o_f per.ttr~ in va.rt, o, ,--s sCa4;es from RCB and EBR, cheak£n~ the n:LeotJ~ne sC~tv~nl~kng pz~0ertles of the extracL &nd the extracted sheet at each 8tJ~e. CA rap2d scavenging assay can be conducted by cont~ting wiTJ~ h£gh nkcottne lamina at 70°C). The objective ~s I;o ga~Ln a closer under~t~L~ing o£ the mechanism of scaveng~n~ and its aisnificance. We need to prove the associat£cm with tobacco pectins. b) Nicot£ne ,,Transfer F~f~enc~ ~nto MLILn~tream h~mtir~t studies ~ave n no ~es in n~cottne transfer e~ftciency between blends con~a~n~n~ RC~ An wh£ch scavenging is a) partial and h) near-complete. TWo pieces o~ d~t& s~e oomr~dered emmntl~l. The firs~ involves • compart~ of blends oont~£nAn~ ~ in which scavenging As a) Just tm~inntn~ and b) tully complete. The latter can a~Ltn be achieved very qu~Lckly by 70°C mhor't.-per'Xod storage. This ~r111 prov£de a clearer rummage concerning the influence of scavenging on n£cot/~e tnmsfer The ~ - obtained frae the em~e pair of samples - £nvoLv~ combustion s~udtes aimed at dedu~ln~ the level o£ r~lem~e of ni¢oLine into ma£n~tr~am lmmed~t~ly behind the cOalo The r~le~m pe.rformnnce o~ ntcotine-~o BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION / 0 "-.4 0

-7- and ntcotine-e~tuz~ted ~ w:LI] be (:~ with EER. The objective is ~us a comprehension ot the link between scavenging and relo~ ~d the con~eLvative pez~ozw~nc~ of ~BR. c) Free Be.s~/V&pour Ni~otlne Rel~_-e Nicotine my be premented to the smoker in Lt Zem~t three forms:- (i) ~It fo~m in the ~rticu1&te pl~luBe (ii) free blue form in the particulate ptutse (lil) free base form in the vapour phase It has long been believed ~t nicotine presented ms in (ii)/(£ii) is cons£derablymore "active". The Smoke 8andra Scan and Condensate R~mdspRce (Hamburg) Scans presumably ~asu~ (ii)o The O/WP Scan prm6umably m~wux~ m combln~tlon of (I£) and (Ill). The int~tion is to ~ these %echnlque8 in evLlua~in~ R(~, ~ and PPJS cunt~ini~ blends, t.n ccxepll.riso~ with l~rlboro, fOr free base nicotine levels. Consequently, the objective is %he acquisition o~ knowledge concerning x~le~se in nicotine in dlffex~nt Zox~ fx~m~n~Flous sheet materials. ~e~t~te filters remove fx~e base nicotine at elevated efflclencle~, c~mp~x~son between p~ain and filter c~ettes should be included. d) Nicotine Filtration by Tobacco Colomn and ~_tate F£1tens Exlstln~ studi~ h~ve sh~m that hl~her ni~ot~n~ filtration efflclencie~ ax~achiewedt~a~etate fx~nWTS~eth~n from lamlna orVietO. ~ver, the sheet ~elected for this mtucty (XR38-72) is not relevant to the qu~tlons now being asked. ~m~t is needed now is a comparison of RC9 With e~st~ PPJS (- XPJ&..83) ~ pro~o~-d EBR (- XRJS-78) ~teF1~Is in terms of acetate filtx~t£on behaviour. BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION w 0 ~0 0 0

m ~m The c~nbustzon studies described under b) may also provide information concerning the filtration performance of the tobacco columns for nicotine. B & W data shows that the nicotine filtration efficiency of Marlboro acetate is out of line with expectations tm~ed upon the tow specification. Marlboro should therefore be included in the study. So %he objective o~ this study is an awarenems of the effect of sheet specification on the filt~tion of r~leased nicotine. A 0 e) Effect of Pectin Levels on Nicotine ~anlpulation To date, scavenging studies have twg.en conducted u~>n ~terials which incorporate the addition of diammonium phosphate (EBR and RCB(-S)) and the addition of pectin (PPJS plus high methoxy and low methoxy pectins). Neither EBR nor treated PPJS show other than m~r~inal scavenging. The EBR process probably evades pectin release. The treated PPJSmay result in added pectins becoming complexed with calcium ions present, preventing scavenging from occurring. In no experiments have diaaTaonlum phosphate and pectin been added together. The need is to study pectln-treated EBR; In such a material, the diammonlt~n phosphate present will prevent complexation of added pectin and may thus allow the condltlons necessary for scavenging. The objective is to determine whether dlammonium phospha%e/pectln ccm~bina%ions create the necessary conditions for nicotlne scavenging. f) Thermal Decomposition of Nicotine Bectlnate Pz~liminary studies have shown that nlcotlne/pecttn mixtures release nicotine at much higher temperatures than the nicotine/or~nlc acid salts occurrinE in tobacco. The consequence of this m~y be higher levels of vapour phase free base nicotine in smoke. BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION O

-9- The intention is to evaluate (i) nicotine saZt/pectin e,4xtures - to test the effect on nicotine release tamratures (i£) (iii) nicotine/pectin m~x~ures on ci~rettes - to ascertain the e£~ect on malnstreamandsideatrmunn£cotineyields. nicotine/flav~r acid mixtures (eg coumartc and cinnmelc a~lds) - to provide products with enhanced nicotine and flavour. Thus ni~otlne Itse%f mlght be. umed to stAbilise cez-ta~n volatile ~lavourants. Thus Lhe objective is 1Jae expioltatlon of the properties of nicotine and pectin in the enb~noement of smoke yields. g) Thermal De~radAtlon of Nicotine on High T~nperatureP~!P~qe The high temperature of nicotine release fz~m nicotlne/pectin mixtures may result in a proportion of nicotine underloing d~tion z~ther JJ~n cle~n distillation into smoke. O/WP examination of l:b:Llip Morris brtnds in ~/~e past has shown hllher levels of 3-vinyl pyrtdine and 3-ethyl pyridine; these a/m06t oert~tn¢y rmnLl¢, fz, om nleotlne de~tlon. Addltion~lly, g & W have Zound tbLt these subBtituted l:~'z'id.t.nes, on addition, provide useful mnoke eensory effects. The need now is to establish the desradLtlon behaviour of blends containins ECB, EBR and nlcotlne/pectln additives from f). This could be attempted ini¢IAlly by O/WP and m~:mequently, if 1l~ez~ a~e ou~ng qumstlorm, by t~e of z~Ito1~belled nicotine. Thus the aim is to establish ~ther enba~ed temper~tuzws of nicotine release ca~e a ~ of de~rs~tion t.o occur. BAT Co LTD - MINNF.,SOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION m co (..,,J po

-10- h) Effect of N~tr~te Lev~ on N,l.co~.lne Re!,egme Recent results h~ve shown that h~h levmls of nitrate in WTS or sheet cause an "explosive" roleut of nicotine. The hypothemis £m that n~tra~e degrad~tion rele~es oxygen ~nto the totmcco matrtx ~n an ezotbe~c pr~ess ~Ltah ~ttmm a sudden voZatilisation of n£cot~e &c~mp~ied by enbsnced levels o~ CO, ~2 and ~ter. If tht~ is so, then nitrate level can potentially control not only NO deliveries, but del~verie4 ot other emoke ~nts as well. • he need now is to extend the prel~m~n&ry amt of o~ervations to sheet/stem materials which include/exclude the denttrat£on process. Thus ~ comparison is proposed bet~en cxzmerctal WTS (no de~Ltration) and L~-rrs (denitrated). On the sheet side, the samples to be compLred are XPJ~-70 (conta~rm Ektrley stem ~thout pz~-den~Lr~Llon) and XPJS-71 (contAins Burley stem a~ter denltmt£on). Consequently, the objective is to glen & proper perspective OF the nitrate e~fect and the ~onditiorus which c~use ~t. BAT Co LTD - MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION J t.a,,,l