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HK0268088 36950 1,7 COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN BIDI AND AMERICAN CIGARETTE SMOKE INT J CANCER 14(i)" .49-53J 1974 HOFFMANN, D/ SANGHVI, LD, WYNDER, EL .. ~'" P.U.BP_D..~: PUBLISHED DATA HAVE SHOWN THAT IN INDIA'rHE'~EIJkTIVE RISKS FOR CANCERS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT AND ESOPHAGUS ARE GENERALLY GREATER FOR BIDI SMOKERS THAN FOR CIGARETTE SMOKERS (FEW DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIDI SMOKING TO LUNG CANCER), THIS PAPER ANALYZED THE COMPOSITION OF MAINSTREAM SMOKE OF A POPULAR INDIAN ~IDI AND FOR COMPARISON ALSO THAT OF A POPULAR US CIGARETTE. METHODS: THE TEST BIDIS HAD AN AVERAGE LENGTH oF 75 MM AND AN AVERAGE WEIGHT OF 57~ MG. OF THE TOTAL WEIGHT, THE TENDU LEAF, SERVING AS A WRAPPERs ACCOUNTED FOR 6],~ AND THE REST. WAS MADE UP OF SUN-CURED TOBACCO. THE US CIGARETTES WERE A POPULAR 85-MM NON- FILTER BRAND, SMOKING MACHINES WERE USED TO SMOKE THE BIDIS AND THE CIGARETTES TWO PUFFS PER MINUTEs WITH A PUFF TIME OF TWO SECONDS AND A PUFF VOLUME OF ~5 ML~ DOWN TO A BUTT LENGTH OF 23 MM, THE SMOKE WAS ANALYZED BY KNOWN METHODS FOR BOTH GASEOUS PHASE AND PARTICULATE PHASE COMPONENTS. J~- : COMPARED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE, BIDI SMOKE HAD A HIGH CON- TENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE (7.7 vs 3.5%), AMMONIA (284 VB 180 @G)' HYDROGEN CYANIDE (903 VS 445 NG), PHENOL (250 VS 150@G), OTHER VOLATILE PHENOLS (264 vs 173~B), BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE (117 vs 81 NG), AND BENZO(A)PYRENE (78 VS 47 NG). HOWEVER, TAR~ NICOTINE AND OTHER CONST]TUENTS WERE LESS IN BIDI SMOKE THAN IN CIGARETTE SMOKE. EII:~ 98 COf'IG 0100~:!

HK0268089 36950 THE PH OF THE BIDI SMOKE WAS SLIGHTLY ACIDIC (PH 5,7 - 5,9), ~: "[THE] DATA REPORTED HERE ARE IN LINE WITH THE HUMAN DATA WHICH SUGGEST A CORRELATION BETWEEN BIDI SMOKING AND CANCERS OF THE UPPER ALIMENTARY TRACT AND OF THE LUNG.~ • . .:.. THE ACIDIC PH OF THE BIDISMOKE~ LIKE THE SMOKE OF 7HE fLUE-CURED TOBACCO~ INDICATES THAT NICOTINE AND AMMONIA IN BID] SMOKE-ARE IN BUFFERED FORM, THIS FACT AND THE LOW NICOTINE CONCENTRATION ~MAKE IT MOST LIKELY THAT BIDI SMOKE IS INHALED IN THE SAME WAY AS CIGA- RETTE SMOKE AND NOT LIKE SMOKE FROM LITTLE CIGARS'," /VSI AM HEALTH F~N, NEW YORK, NY/ HEALTH P~N, NEW YORK, NY; TATA MEM CENT, BOMBAY, INDIA CHEMICAL STUDY~ ANALYTICAL STUDYj TOBACCO SMOKE ANALYSIS, BIDI TOBACCO, CIGARETTE TOBACCO• TOBACCO SMOKE PARTICULATE PHASE, TOBACCO SMOKE VOLATILE COMPONENTS, ToBAcco MAINSTREAM SMOKE, TOBACCO SMOKE COMPOSITION~ CIGARETTE SMOKE ANALYSES, BIDI SMOKE ANALYSIS/ TOBACCO SMOKE CARBON MONOXIDE CONTENT, TOBACCO SMOKE CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT, TOBACCO SMOKE AMMONIA, TOBACCO SMOKE HYDROGEN CYANIDE, ToBAcco SMOKE ACROLEIN, TOBACCO TAR NICOTINE CONTENT, TOBACCO SMOKE TAR CONTENT, TOBACCO TAR PHENOL CONTENT~ TOBACCO TAR BENZO A PYRENE CONTENT, TOBACCO TAR BENZ A ANTHRACENE CONTENT, TOBACCO SMOKE PH, TOBACCO SMOKE ACIDITY, TOBACCO SMOKE ISOPRENE CONTENT, TOBACCO SMOKE ACETALDEHYDE CONTENT, BIDI SMOKING, ORAL CANCER RISK • PHARYNX CANCER RISK, LARYNX CANCER RISK~ ESOPHAGUS CANCER RISK, LUNG CANCER RISK, TOBACCO SMOKE CARCINOGENICITY• EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES, TOBACCO SMOKE INHALATION~ TOBACCO NEOPHYTAI) IENE CONTENT, VEGETABLE MATTER COMBUSTION, TENDU LEAF, CTR 90 CONG 0:'1003

HK0268090 36950 CIGAR SMOKING, TOBACCO TAR CRESOLS CONTENT/ M CRESOL, 0 CRESOL, P CRESOL, 2 4 DIMETHYLPHENOL, P ETHYLPHENOL, SMOKING MACHINES, ~RAW RES]STANCE, CIGARETTE SALES INCREASE, AMERICAN CIGARE'I~'ES, CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION, SOC]OECONOHIC FACTORS, INDIAN CIGARETTES, SUN CURED TOBACCOs FLUE CURED TOBACCO, RESPIRATORY CANCER MOI~IDITY, SEX FACTORS, LUNG CANCER ~OP~IDITY, SMOKING AHOUNT, CHEWING TOBACCO, NUTRITIONAL FACTORS,'~MOKING HISTORY, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, PUFF COUNTs BUTT LENGTH/ ~ ENGLISH LANGUAGE, NEW YORK ]~ RESIDENCE, USA RESIDENCE~ ~OMBAY RESIDENCE, INDIA RESIDENCE, GRANTOR USPHS NATL CANCER INST, INDIA, USA, UK, GUJARAT INDIA, MYSORE INDIA, MAHARASHTRA INDIA, BOMBAY INDIA, ENGLAND, WALES, INDIANS, AGRA INgIA, LUNG CANCER PATIENTS, NEW YORK NY, US SURGEON GENERAL C]R 98 C/]HG 0100,-¢