Bliley Lorillard
[Transmitting Various Documents and Federal Reports Regarding Smoking and Health]
Abstract
Transmits reports from various industry and federal sources relative to health effects of smoking. Includes commentary on difficulties in establishing causal inference (attachments missing).
Fields
- Type
- MEMORANDUM
- Author
- Holtzman, Alexander (PM Asst General Counsel. 1975-85.)
- Jacob, Edwin J. (CTR Special Projects, key legal strategist)
Key legal strategist in many capacities, including Jacob, Medinger & Finnegan (CTR). Career stems from 1950's. CTR Special Projects.- Shinn, William W. (TI Communications; Shook, Hardy, CTR Attorney)
TI Communications Committee and was also a lawyer for CTR. William W. Shinn worked for Shook, Hardy & Bacon. - Jacob, Edwin J. (CTR Special Projects, key legal strategist)
- Recipient
- Ramm, Henry H. (CTR Chair; RJR VP & Gen Counsel, c. 1967)Chairman of the Board & General Counsel for R.J. Reynolds and CTR Chairman 1971-1975.
- Copied
- Haas, Frederick P. (Liggett, General Counsel)Frederick P. Haas was a member of the Board of Directors of Liggett & Meyers from 1966 through 1976. From 1975 and 76 he was Special Counsel. (N.M., L & M Liability Notebook, Section 3, Personnel List)
- Clements, Earle C. (TI President, '67-70)
President of the Tobacco Institute, Inc. from 1967 to 1970.- Hardy, David Ross (Shook, Hardy and Bacon; father of David K. Hardy)
TI Communications- *Smith, Paul D. (use Smith, Paul Davis) (Dir., VP and Assoc. Gen. Counsel for PMI, 1966)
Paul Smith, who is retired, was Director, Vice President and Associate General Counsel for PMI in 1966. He served on the Committee of Counsel. (Source: NM Tobacco Companies Personnel List)- Yeaman, Addison Y. (BW VP & General counsel; CTR Chairman of Board)
General counsel for B&W. CTR Chairman/President 1975-1981 - Clements, Earle C. (TI President, '67-70)
- Named Organization
- University of Kentucky
- Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service (U.S. Federal government public health advocate)
The U.S. Surgeon General's office has found since 1964 that tobacco use causes disease in humans.- *United States Public Health Service (use United States Public Health Service)
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
- Congress
- @niaid
- Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service (U.S. Federal government public health advocate)
- Keyword
- Constitutional hypothesis
- Thesaurus Term
- emphysema
- disease
- Cardiovascular Effects (Health Effects)
- cardiovascular disease
- additives
- Cancer (Health Effects)
- cancer
- cancer formation
- bronchitis
- organizational structure (holding companies, subsidiaries,)
- organization
- disease
Document Images
o o
-" " " - . "- MEMORANDUM "
To: "
From:
Enclosed
H. Henry Ramm
Alex Holtzman
• Edwin Jacob
William Shinn
are ihe following:
1968
(i)
-.
A listing of gaps in the state of knowledge
relating to smoking and lung cancer, framed
in the form of questions and containing some
brief supporting material with r~spect to
each gap.
A paper entitled "Areas for Research," which
seeks to frame affirmatively some of the more
important areas for research with respect to
cancer, chronic bronch.olpulmonary diseases
and cardiovascular diseasesl We have not
listed in the first document any gaps in
knowledge for the latter two disease
categories, because we believe that these
are set forth in this paper. Of.course,
so many factors other than smoking are
recognized assuspect in these areas--
~n contrast with lung cancer--that the
rese&rch attitude is entirely different.
Thus, the 1967 Report pointed up the
lack of proof with respect to'emphysema:
--- " "This crucial question must be answered
" -- affirmatively before an inference can
(iii)
-2-
be made that smoking directly causes
pulmonary emphysema: Does inhaled
~'tobacco smoke have a direct toxic
• effect on the alveolar tissue in
~the lung parenchyma which is
important in the pathogenesis o~ "
pulmonary emphysema? At present,
it cannot be answered."
Of course, a similar crucial question exists with
respect to smoking and all diseases, "including
cancer. But the. Public Health Service is not
so candid in these other areas.
It should be noted particularly that the basic
questions of mechanism of disease causation,
of failure to identify "responsible ingredients"
in cigarette smoke and of the constitutional
hypothesis go to all the diseases and not just
to lung cancer or cardiovascular disease.
Therefore, these areas may be considered
gaps in knowledge across the board.
Three background items, as follo~s:
~. • (a) "Highlights of Research Programs
.. during 1967 from the National
Heart Institute," prepared by
NHI in connection with the 1969
Appropriations Hearings--notable
. is the lack of mention of smoking.
(b)
A statement by the National
Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, also from
the Appropriations Hearings,
entitled "Emphysema and Chronic
Bronchitis"--notable are the
statements of need for a
laboratory animal model as
to emphysema (p. 721), of
"no clear-cut leads as to the
"~ause or causes of emphysema"
(p. 722), that "the cause or
causes of emphysema are not
now known" (p. 718) and the
relatively minor passing
mention of cigarette smoking
(p. 718).
A memorandum headed "Plans for
the Future," representing the
University of Kentucky's view
,of research that needs to be
done.
Should you wish anything further, please let us know. As
we are sure you are aware, the documents we have prepared
were put together hastily with a view toward "intra-mural"-
use only. ..
co:
Frederick Haas
Paul Smith
Addison Yeaman
Earle Clements
David Hardy
