Tobacco Documents Online

°o. t£¢81~ |~OOm~. va must rocosntze that ¢£|arattao os they arm c£jarett@e4~ re8227 ~o d£~forout than any other ¢oao~ner Kood. R prepared pan mvolut:[ooar7 prosreesSoa o! sabot/cute products. ~ue~mer~-~t ~e ~cot£aee8 pha~acolos£caZ resuZta that are ""'hi° ~JJlQ~" "th'r" It £" 'h7"£¢'~ '''tur'" "mch 88 t''t" "~d i ' i iql ( me. Zu d~l~ereut cuSt~ras these heeds have beau ea~£s~£ed, throush ~ "lcat£,.~,,ob.bS, b..£,,¢ti-,2y.,rk,t,d ,ud,r oth,r ,0~,.__~ 21 IECO~E~ATZONS ~" pubZ£c~ty am ntcot£me. Th£8 vom2d oeem to be aa £aduatryov£de pe~7 ~or nicotine and ~he 2aria bed7 of ~hole vho smoke for ser~es of ~oaK-cerm consumer research pro~ec~8. c~: 3 ~ - ~ 69M00032

• addictive. Enovledseebla scientists cats|or/tally state tier this is quite untrue. Even the United Hatless, throush the Uorld Health Orlenlletion, Ln its o++1c111 statement on the euce to th~s 1o actual17 Bade £u the "Suriaoa General's Report'.) The n8£o d/ffersutLetln8 factor betveen edd£ctLon and habituation to the absence of reel phTs£01o~lcel vtthdrnvsl eTeptoes at the discontinuance of suokLns as contrasted glib the severe vlthdrsvel STUdrOUe of heroin addict/on or even sic,h,lisa (lOZ of vLtbdrav£ns sic,helLos die, even under hospital core). He~t~at~ou he nonetheless 8 very coepellln| phenouenen t£~e pnL~'~rut v111 exper/ence a conscious Iscktu8 of sooeth~ sod ~eeli~l[~ot:ess. Part of this utsh~ he ou17 cul~ur&11~ induced. The &merits1 Zudlaus during the C,louis1 Period used tobacco any even be ~o some hove sue|eared) 8 product eIMst.proe~d, one to Zest. those re~ou that nabs then continue. In trT~US to underetnnd these rye ~el~arate sets o~ reasons ,us uisht Steep the slKnt- • £ceuce ~1~ ~obacco in noderu 1£~e end rill have the ~oundet$om on vh£ch|~9 ~lan tbe evolutloner~ prosreselon o~ substitute products$~.~-- _ Not •11 o£ the the,tie8 tha: have beau advanced •re, howevore very helpful or useful. For ezeuple, it is couuoul~ felt that ceenaKers start stok£nK in order to appear Srovtup. or me • ~ey adolescent de~£suce. Z~ £s hard to one hey ve cbuld cupLculfet on thee. Here,yet, 11 18 uncertain If ctseretcee v111 cont~nee to serve tb£s purpose. The con~£nu£n| starch of the ceeueKe sub- culture could halt the adolescent's st:lvin8 to ach/evn adult uterus. Ze fact, this net uov be heppenLuK. Sane of the theories ace dovur£Kht unconv£nc£uK. Yea~s eke. the llSht of tobacco suo~e ues considered one of thb-prlme reasons that peopZe smoke. An article In the December. 1879 Brit£sh medical J,urns1, The Lancet, analyzed v~ s nan suoktng 8 p£pe in the dark could sac cel~ t~ his p/pe van scull lit. The arsument siren yes ~hac the pleasure of stokl~ partly cousts~ed in hev£nK s,me,hies to do. and cha~ van Is ouch • matter 0£ see~nK as tastSnK. CX 39-B 69M00033 R ! !

.Mr. 1. A. |lsvtns. Jr. ~ ' In 192& ¢. L. |ul2 shoved tn • tether complicated expsr£ueat thor blLndfolded people could sot te~2 the dL~fereoce becves~ cornel ptpe smoke sod warm legit &Ire Xu22 £sZt th~a proved the lnporssncs of the s£$ht of smokes A qusettouoe~re administered to seekers fn 2929 resulted tn 25Z eey£n8 she It|hi of tobacco smoke yes sue of anoktng'8 that blind people do not set enjoyment from suo~£ng. Nest of these astsnpte to ezplain 8nokiu~ f~£1 so 80 deep enough Lose the subject. OnXy very receatAy have studies been publLehed ~hat bejLn to make eeue. " PSTCHOLOGZC&L EXPLANATIONS 0? THE APPEAL AND BENEFITS O~ SMOKING Heu~p ~.~ these so-culled mdeopern ssudtee were perhaps 8 llStl, t~n JdsagLoat~ve. The fad ~or mot£vat£ou research ~n the 1950'a l~d to seen pretty bizarre stud£ee on enok£ng. More recensl~ Jonever, because of the topLcal~ty o~ ano~Ln8, • few reosoneb~o_leok£ug 8tudLu8 l~vo been publ£shed. Tee~8 smoke, eccord£ng to sue ~strly ¢urreut study, beceuse~_ey relate it to being adventurous. Those who v£sh to ~81Ject q~-~o~e of s l£fe of excitement end boldness ere l£kel7 ~eg£n,eS~k£ng £f th£s helps them otto£u them 8sol sad £f thby t~n't pr~ct these qualities ~m ocher ways ezcep~ through ~eck- Zess dr~, co, tact sports, pe~ cr~e, e~e. A m~.~'laue~ble thool"y ned o8o thor serves tp account for the ~ud~r~4~t~'s ¢out£euutton of ~oktug through oll ago levels to found Ln~ 1968 study by the Engl£sh team of Eoery, ned Zrvl~.'~hey claimed that p,ople, onct ova: the £nit£el uov*lty o£ etnrt~moke £u ordo~ to regulgte the£: feel£ngs. Here prec£sely, they called th£s *t£foct ~egnlottou', ~so~ bo£n8 pgycholo|£cel te~ that refers ~o 812 human fsel£ngs end emottoes ouch as oxcLtumens, euJoT~ent, surprise, distress, auger, shame, end conseupt. Human beings ire ~nnately not£vatud to mnziu£se the£r poJLttve nfft©te 8nd m~n~n£zu the£r negative oases The key to nuderstnndtn| 8mok~ng beho~Lor, so tb~s thtory 8sea, £e ~ound £n observ£n8 e~fecte. The uev smoker soon learns thus smok£ug con tellers any negative o~ect and evoke or he£ghten any pos£t£ve effect. Hence the smoker uses tobacco to regulate these feel~n|a e£ther hecgnse they 8re painful or--even ~ p~egs~ut-- they Lntrude on some ensures co~tmeut. ThLs Ls why ve notice thtt smokLnS ~s connected v~th the used ~o concenttgte~ to offse~ boredom, and to tellers ~ensLou. gad sno~LnK needs as one ~s drawn Ln~o c~oser and more persongZ relations vLch o~hers. The most persistent p~eocoud~tton ~or ~be establLshueu~ the 8nokLng practice £n an £nd~v~dual, £f the above ~heoty Ls L8 a h~gh degree of exper£ence of emot£on ~hat he u~h~ descr£be 8~ress~ul. Hos~ people hove occasional d£s~urblng ~eel£njs and most R 69M00034 CX 39-C

ten try to eupp,ass the ~eel£e|, but or leeds to ulcers or iome other psychosonetL¢ On the other hlodo one ten leek en ezternsl aetna st control. vhen abe lndtvLdull Ls not oven conscLous of any emotional dts- turbeuce. Ksny fo~us of stress ire a perneneet condition of the £ty to coesctous~ determine hie exact needs. &Zthoueh there unplesseut sffe©ctvl ezperlenceo it ts a cones ~eetnrt of ~8n'l behsv£or thlt he noes s ItreseS7 vhtch has successfully the ~utu~e. R the pbeub!es~u of q~ttttn8 vL~l he~p undurotand some of the vet£oo8 ~.~ .~undlng inulins Ltee~f. ~ zf ps.~ec.pt th. ".,~.ct r.SUZ.tton" th.o~ th.. tt heco... • o da~e ~8ee~ chat lest thmu oneoth£rd o~ the people vho make ~.~elp £8 eome~iue8 needed ~o help ~he smoker But ~he edv~ce of a doctor, 8ccordLnl Co one s~udy, does help. seekers. ILco~£ut capsules adn~ntetered vhenever ~he SmOker Ps~k szudy shoved ~hat vb/le the capsule helped 8 third of t~ 8mokerl~ £t had no effect on another ~h~d, end 8¢tu8227 ~nc~eese~ has b~uu demonstrated ~o have short-term, bu~ no~ ~oneot.e~, effects. The par~La~ fs£Zu~ o~ drugs conf£rus that smok£ns Ss no~ o£mp~ 8 phys~oloK£c81 ~eed, bu~ • deep-rooted psyeho~oKtca~ one. But ~bts should uoc ~u~e ou~ the usefulness of u£cot~ne-es we shall see ~acer. S~u4~t8 have been done on the kLnds of people vho can quit smokLng vers~8 ~hose vho cannot. These s~ud£es obey Chat the successful male qul~ce~ ~s iccull~y 1181 concerned overall about b~s health chau ~he u~successful male quitter. GoWnK beyond ~h~s CX 39-D 69M00035

Nr. |. A. Blovles, Jr. Page $ the mea vho cam quit to nora sociable, nuaeZfiah, sacce88- oriented, and oscar-directed (other people provide h~m vith lLfm ones). It also finds sacrifice to be vs~7 difficaZt and • is aomevhat dependant on others. Re is gencra~Zy an optimistic aZ1olnoa1~ has a reaZlsgic outZook o8 ~LfOo nervous habits, 8 Z,vet opium,s of hiaselfo feelings of inferior- end 18 more often bored ~th to, rise activity. Re tends to make plans. He is s,maybeS inarticulate, probably defeating and • neurotic glt.h Ai~tlc aelfoconfidence. can quit i~- sort of ~he unhap~ urtyr type. She gets ovor l£~e~nnoyauces, procrastinates, h88 at,each problems and hea~. She feaze ALtt~e fas~ly ~ove and companionship. She viA~bb- indecisive and uude~eight. She accepts suPPorts8 as her ~-~ Zl~eo bu~ has 8 reasonsb2y good se~f-opinLou. goa~s a~seZfisk but 8he ~e~8 uc~or£abAo £n strange facing dl£~coZty, and hurt b~ c~t~c~sn. Her conduct is largeZy controZ~aJ~y others. She ~1~o has difficuZty expressing hero v~o d~sapp~ve st k~ ~~ch ~ot 8uo~8 ~bstttutee c~d make ~nc£stve u~e o~ ~ perso~lt~ ~mtactmttst£cs In bo~h the produc~ d~eZopnent phase and the market,S phase. This becomes some- vhat compZlcated by the fact that tka maze quitter has a different proflZa from the female quitter. ~t couZd be that fuZler deve~opo the o~ratogic marketing d~fficmZt£eo associated vith this. THE ?HTSZCAL |EHEFITS O7.~ICOTZg~ of nLcot£ne. The sLuple8~ ~d ~ossibly s,st usefuZ obse~attou Xe that nicotine oe~eo a duma purpose: it will pic~ us up vheu exampZe. ~he ~orn of ulco~Lne found An c~gar susie permeates o, readily ln~o the blood st~eau ~hat Ic Is uo~ necessary ~o inhale the smoke. Six unlnha~ed cigars give the equivale~t nico- tine del~ver~ of a pack-audoaohal~ of inhaled ciga~ettes. (Soue R n U 1. *~ ,! CX 39-E 69M00036

• . A. |levlus, • tudl•• indic•re • slmilar relationship vi~h pipe onokihse though orb•re suE|set nninhaled pipe Cob•¢¢o smoke to bh R mud ~hzo .~lch play • part in smoking.

• Hr. E. a. |leviss~3:. • "" ! that • ¢£8•rette ©ontelaLn8 no nicotine vould be • cceptod •l better thsn no c188rette at 811. There vso correZaCio• betveo• the number of ©188rettesnoked oiS•rette habit end the de8ree to vhich nicotine v•e miosed| hoverer, the •umber of subjects involved vie too 11811 strive at eu~ delL•it• conclusions £u this renard. Other inters•tinS items o• the subSect of •£cot£•e effect •rat under,ned. &. L. |•ker (~961) ea£d ¢~8are~Cee sate R U cx 3 9 -G 69M0003~

L CX 39-H 69M00o39