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I `.J INr~ ~c-ATIONA6 ~? MEMORANDUM 1003537545

HILL t.Nm KNOWLTON, Ixc: PR No. 2-62 INFORMATIONAL MFMORANDUM January 18, 1962 Subject: Regular Summary of Recent News and Editorial Comment Year-end statements by George V. Allen, president of The Tobacco Institute,, Inc., and by Timothy V. Ha'rtnett, chairman of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee, received press attention. Other items of interest since the last report (PR No. 27-61, December 21, 1961)',, include the following; 1. Printers!.' Ink~~ma.gazin~e discussed industry pubiic~~relati'on&in its~ year-end edition. (TNS No. 43) . A review of lung cancer literature by two Texas scientists received some press attention following publication of' Tobacco and Health and' mailingsto science writers. 3. A noted scientist, Dr. Chauncey Leake, criticized the "narrow"' approach to lung,cancer research. 4. Dr. I. S. Ravdin, one-time surgeon for President Eisenhower, chastised the AmericaniMedical Association for not taking. a stand on smoking. A General Motors s ientisti reported' on the!role of' automobile exhaust as a possible contributing factor in cancer causati'on. 6. Miscellaneous: Use of feature and filler material and syndicated columns by Newspaper Enterprise Association; notice of T.1.R.C'. grants; anti-smoking activities; a George Gallup report on smoking among young people; and other items. Hill and Knowlton, I!nc. Public Relation!s Counsel 15© East 42nd'Street New York 17, Nex York 4

The annual Wootten report on the cigarette industry included a section on smoking and health. The para,graph at right was included in the "I Predict" i I - f ssue o Printers Ink. [I. Srnoking & health Scientific developments related to I anti-cigarette charges were few and far between during 1'9611. On the last day of' 1961D1 two doctors-Barnes of Denver and Rztxenhofer of Austria-publishsd' the most extensive pathological study to date on lung cancer, in volving no fewer than 26;545 autopsies. The stntisticA studies that have made the headlines are based on, death certificate notations, usually unsupportedi by au+----- -- topsy.) Barnes and Ratzenhofer con+ cluded that persons who once would have succumbed to tuberculosis are now succumbing to, lung cancer. Pub- lished in the American Medical Assn.. Journal, this research received little publicity among laymen. Nor was it mentioned by anti~cigar- ette careerists, who continued' to seek newspaper treatment' with repeated in- terpretations of' past statistical surveys and' with, promises of more to come. On the animal side, experiments have gen- erally failed to produce lung cancers with cigarette smoke. One rat research- er told an overseas group in a moment of candor that "spinach condensate has 3.4 per cent more benzpyrene thani cigarette smoke condensate." Repeated publicity assaults on the statistical front, which ignore every- thing' but' tobacco, have failed to con- vince such eminent biostatisticians as Berkson of the Mayo Clinic. Berkson notes that lung; cancer, digestive cancer and heart disease rates are lowest' for :.ti:~ :n -: PPtINT'ERS' INK January 5; 1962 Tjhe tobacco industry will keep on insisting that no demon- strable proof' exists linking smoking and lung cancer. This familiar statement v<ill be made re larl -i th gu y n e J fice of mountfng scientific evidence that smoking and disease are related. The industry, too, through its various public relations arms„ wiili gravely issue periodic bulletins noting that the industry is conducting, its own research to determine if smoking has any effect on health. But no married, higher for 'unsoarried,"and;-;"-n,=i:i-)n ,. highest for divorced persons: "Onc sug- 1 gestedl explanation," he was qlaoted, "is that all these statistical associations are the reflection of basic inaccuracies ` and biases of the statistics." . '- A.. pointed sidelight on the contro- - versy was provided! by the American I, _ = Cancer Society, much of whose "educa= ~? ~ tional" program consists of anti-tobacco reiterations. Its 1'9611 "Cancer Facts and Figures" reveals that "From 1954 to date, the American c;ancer boeiety nas . awarded over $4-million im grants for research in lung cancer." Itt is signifi' cant', in assessing the propaganda as- pect, to note that' during this same -,- period the Tobacco Industry Research J Committee appropriatedl more than $4.6-million for research grants. I J 635 3 0419' 555) 4 results of this research, will appear.

THE SATGRDAY' EVENING POST . December 23, 30, 1961 (combined issue) "Youthy The Cool Gienere.tion" by Dr. George Gallup and Ewan Hill Tn a 16-page article the authors report on a special study, ` 'w ,.._.commissioned by The Post, of'the habits, customs, and outlook of some 3,OCI0 high school and college students, ranging in age from 14 to 22. The article contains a single reference to smoking on the fourteenth:page of'the article: "R}hey (young people) are somewhat contradictory in their smoking, habits. Although two-thirds of'them link cigarette smoking with lung cancer, they continue to smoke. The West has fewest youthfull smokers. The breakdownt Drink Smoke Boys Girls Boys Girls "High School Sophomores 19% 13% 23% 14 High School Seniors. 35 21 40 23 College Upperclassmen 8Z, 71 54 51 Working Youth 63 56 66 45 I,

WOBURN TIMES ' Woburn, Massachusetts December 26, 1961 - ung Cancer Much Written, Remains A, Mystery T'.~mR ranvr has been written about, more often. in the medi~^i a.id laN press; than any other form of cancor. Many suspects ha--e been studied, many _ques- tions raised, but the causes re- main a, mystery. That is the conclusion ot two University of Teaas scientists sho reviswed, the literature on lung cancer published from 1930 to 1960; it was repot•ted today, in the publiiration "Tobacco and Health"; published by The To. bacco lnstitute, Inc. -4r.:• ,. The scientists' 0page review. with b55 refererices; covers var:- ous factors that have been studied, including tu'uerculosis, chest' ailments, occupational ex- posures, atmnspheric pollutants and tobacco use: . - "nbvinusi.v from this review it Is evident' that the etiology and the pathoaenesis of pulmonary cancer in man is not known," sairl D*: R.H. Rigdon and Helen Kirchoff. - "Tobacco and, Hpaith", which summarizes published resea}rh 'relevant to tnbacco use a!arl hAalth; also inc!udes articies on lung cancer statistics. heart stud- ies and a report linking tubercu- losis to lung cancer causation. One heart study;, don,! in New Zealand! found' no difference In blo»d chclrsterol levels amon; 1#'hilh the ' scientists give con- middle-aged' smokers and non- siderable attention to reports smokers. A lariFsh study foundl linking tobacco to lung cancer.. no association between tobi•-•_oi they said the smoking theory . of'.f smoking ao:i tl!~ . level rf fatty eausati0n is ba!z-d lar;ely on sta- substances in the blood of older tistical studies that vary widely, mcn• ~ in reported findings. "Since smokin-, , is such a com- mon habit' and' lung cancer is t•e- latively infrequent in those who smoke, there must' be some as yet unl-tiwn factors that enter irto this mechanism " fhey said. . Their report also, cited studies - ~ i^~'innin~^ ~rhr'hrr lun, canccr - incidence is actually on the in- creas^ and. ifi sa, to what extienf. JAMUARY' 1962 LUNG CANCER MY'STERY- --, ---- ---------- - `- ----- --A:5'5) It is said that mcre has been written about lung cancer than any other forrn of •;, cancer. It has been the object of an all~-out medical research program. It has` been~ studied and re-studied, and countless theories about causes have been investigate& and eval'uated. And today, says a new research report, the plain fact is that science still does not kn©Ntr what causes 1'ung cancer, The report , ~publisNr.ed by two '1Texas~scientists, Dr. R. H. Rigdon and Helen Kirchoff, of the ~~, , pathology department of the University of Texas Medical Branch. They reviewed ; - ; . hundreds of scientific research reports on lung cancer publishedi between 1930 f, and 1960. They reviewed studies suggesting, lung cancer, might be related to'"4~~ ~ such things as tuberculosi' s, influenza and other chest ailments, occupational -~edf tb Ofbaoy r xposures, atmospheric pollutants an use ooacco.' tocc they said: Since smoking is such a common habit, and: lung, cancer:,is rellativel'y: irf'requent among smokers, there must be' so'mie as yet' unknown factors that-are-iinv,olved w 'n 6h di I~ fact thititt, it i'lthrrtain~eer esease.n~,e scenss wroes not aogete c:e whth lung, cancer is actually on the increase or whether more cases are being,.reported { f : because we have better methods of diagnosis and more inter est is directed toward'-s: lung cancer. All of which is to report_.-- as one physician wrote in the 19th century -- lung, cancer ils a, common disease of uncomrnon, interest. And'lit's still very much of a medical mystery i

The annual Wootten report on the cigarette industry included a section on smoking and health. The para,graph at right was included in the "I Predict" i I - f ssue o Printers Ink. [I. Srnoking & health Scientific developments related to I anti-cigarette charges were few and far between during 1'9611. On the last day of' 1961D1 two doctors-Barnes of Denver and Rztxenhofer of Austria-publishsd' the most extensive pathological study to date on lung cancer, in volving no fewer than 26;545 autopsies. The stntisticA studies that have made the headlines are based on, death certificate notations, usually unsupportedi by au+----- -- topsy.) Barnes and Ratzenhofer con+ cluded that persons who once would have succumbed to tuberculosis are now succumbing to, lung cancer. Pub- lished in the American Medical Assn.. Journal, this research received little publicity among laymen. Nor was it mentioned by anti~cigar- ette careerists, who continued' to seek newspaper treatment' with repeated in- terpretations of' past statistical surveys and' with, promises of more to come. On the animal side, experiments have gen- erally failed to produce lung cancers with cigarette smoke. One rat research- er told an overseas group in a moment of candor that "spinach condensate has 3.4 per cent more benzpyrene thani cigarette smoke condensate." Repeated publicity assaults on the statistical front, which ignore every- thing' but' tobacco, have failed to con- vince such eminent biostatisticians as Berkson of the Mayo Clinic. Berkson notes that lung; cancer, digestive cancer and heart disease rates are lowest' for :.ti:~ :n -: PPtINT'ERS' INK January 5; 1962 Tjhe tobacco industry will keep on insisting that no demon- strable proof' exists linking smoking and lung cancer. This familiar statement v<ill be made re larl -i th gu y n e J fice of mountfng scientific evidence that smoking and disease are related. The industry, too, through its various public relations arms„ wiili gravely issue periodic bulletins noting that the industry is conducting, its own research to determine if smoking has any effect on health. But no married, higher for 'unsoarried,"and;-;"-n,=i:i-)n ,. highest for divorced persons: "Onc sug- 1 gestedl explanation," he was qlaoted, "is that all these statistical associations are the reflection of basic inaccuracies ` and biases of the statistics." . '- A.. pointed sidelight on the contro- - versy was provided! by the American I, _ = Cancer Society, much of whose "educa= ~? ~ tional" program consists of anti-tobacco reiterations. Its 1'9611 "Cancer Facts and Figures" reveals that "From 1954 to date, the American c;ancer boeiety nas . awarded over $4-million im grants for research in lung cancer." Itt is signifi' cant', in assessing the propaganda as- pect, to note that' during this same -,- period the Tobacco Industry Research J Committee appropriatedl more than $4.6-million for research grants. I J 635 3 0419' 555) 4 results of this research, will appear.

Miscellaneous Items of Interest Feature and filler material continued to gain pres's acceptance. The item concerning total T.I.R.C. researchiappropriations has been' noted in over 130 newspapers'. / 0'D3537S~~s''` HERALD & EXPRESS Los A'ingeles, Calif. De ember 14, 1961 MORE THAN $4.6 5`IiILLION has been appropriated fo: c'an'cer research b'ytne Tobarco iuldustry Research COlnlttit:. rtcr. YJ.~3 ;3:5~8 0 JOURNAL ' PensacoLa, Florida December 4, 1961 ;' Seventeen million Americans de- .pend on tobacco products for al9 or some of'T11M livelihood. _ . JOURNAL~ .Pensacola, Florida TOPtAt'CO TAXES' :` 1;)r'lA' 1•Qlti: ([;1?1) -- Tobacco, is the most heavily taxed of' all 'agricuiturall products, accordint'. ,` to Tobacco News. The e%cise tax collectea is $3 billion a y:ear-aa three times as much as tobacco farmers get' for their crops.. ARGUS Mti. Vernon, New York ; Diecember 7, 1961 CHANT HAS TO: AE FAST ATLANTA, - T2ba=o~ auction= lers have to chant fast. Thrv srll ~.. x p 16 400 piles of filnc-curcd to.. December 18, 1961 paccrn every hour-nearly siwcn ~ minute: A pile is usually atiou• pounds. ia63 PRESS ~ Grand Rap3ft, Michigani December'11, 1961 1'lone than ~i.li iirilii')u h:,.> hCIrn al!liropn:+te& lor c:inccr hy chc •rob.~ lj,di,str, r~. ~c;! rCll ( •nn]!tt It~ 00 . REGISTER' New Haven, Connecticut November 29, 1961' 16 RAISE TOAe1! CO TA%' - CHICAGO- Sixteen states have raised~ taxeson, cigarettesi sinee.Iune 30, 1960. Two; h7ichigan and! Kentucky, have reduced them. - State taxes on cigarettes now av- erage 6' cents a pack and thee federall tax 8, Some local govern- mcn'c also tax cicarettrs. ~ a 43,53753 NEwS' Bangor, Maine December 20, 1961 Cigarettes tipped with glass, silk, abodl straw, heavy cork and' parchment were sold in the w e 11-stocked Ehgiish tabacrn IJ635,17 v~8 ~3. STAR Kansas City, Mis'souri. December 7, 1961 More than $4,60'0',000 has been appropriated for cancerr research by the Tobacco In- dustry Research committee. NEWS Mt. Pleasant, Iowa November 30, 1961 SMOKERS PAY NEW YORK (UPI) - State taxes on tobacco products rosee nearly 50 per cent during the two year period 1959-60, accord- ing, to the trade publication To- bacco News. T~S Woburn, Massachulsetts December 26, 19611 TOBACCO CROP • ' TOTALS $1 BILLIOlIfi Farmers will get more than $1 bil'lion for their tobaccoo crops during the current tobac- co auction season, accord!ing to the latest issue of jobacco shop as far back as the 1660s.. - Some shops offered and! sugar filters. gum•spice -,-_ _ News, publ'ished- by Tne Tobac+ NEWS-SENTINEL Knoxville, Tennessee December 17, 1961 . One of th'R strongest factors leading to tHp westward ezpan• sion of the early Tidewater col* onies was th& demand for new land on which ito grow tobaccn: ~oa3s37ss cn Institut'e, Inc. The farmers' take is about nnP-third the amount tobacco users paid out in direct taxes nn inbacco products in t'he last ;i,.:ral year, says' the Institute. In Ciscal' 19I61, tobacco taxes .tntalydi a little over $3 billion. This year's tobacco crop iic bringing record prices, averag- HERALD AMERICAN North Long Beach, Ca1if. November 9, 1961 Scienice Briie#s Weed Eaters Insects are used to, destroy certatn weeds by the UtS: De- partment of Agriculture: Im- ported beetles cleared a half .million acres of weeds in Ca:i- ' fornia and the Northwest. Lun>: Cancer Dr. Joseph Berkson of the Mayo Clinic says medical sts-, tisticians may be on the wrong • track in trying to, link lung cancer to cigarette smoking. "I' don't think we have found any connection between smo- king and lung cancer;" he said. "There are top many compli- cated inter•relationships bound up with everything." . . . Tailored Taste Simple chemicall compoundb that reprodiiee tempting meat flavors were reported recently' to the American Chemical So- eiety. Future steaks and chops may be flavor-controlled. " . .. Wrong Answers A Bri!tishi pathologist. Dr. R~ A. Willis, says "More diagnos+ tic mistakes have been made in lung cancer tpan in any r other kind' of malignant Cis. ease." Nibbling' Away The person, who nibbles be+ tween meals may be less prane to heart or, circulatory troubles than the 3-meals-a-day type, report thrce scientists after tests wit'h chickens. inz ~ airroundl $65' per~~ 100, pnunds~ . for flu-cured leaf, which is the majnr ingredient in cigarettes, says the publicatfion.. Most nf' the 750,(tr)fli f a r mm famiiirc" who grow hobaccpi In, Ihe t'; S. sell their crops at auctions. The auction season runs from midsummer Into midwinter. At the auctions, tobacco lieaf, is~~ sol& t~o~ the highest bidder. -- The farmer has the right to re• Ject the sale i'f' he thinks the price Isn't right. ,

Miscellaneous Items of Interest Feature and filler material continued to gain pres's acceptance. The item concerning total T.I.R.C. researchiappropriations has been' noted in over 130 newspapers'. / 0'D3537S~~s''` HERALD & EXPRESS Los A'ingeles, Calif. De ember 14, 1961 MORE THAN $4.6 5`IiILLION has been appropriated fo: c'an'cer research b'ytne Tobarco iuldustry Research COlnlttit:. rtcr. YJ.~3 ;3:5~8 0 JOURNAL ' PensacoLa, Florida December 4, 1961 ;' Seventeen million Americans de- .pend on tobacco products for al9 or some of'T11M livelihood. _ . JOURNAL~ .Pensacola, Florida TOPtAt'CO TAXES' :` 1;)r'lA' 1•Qlti: ([;1?1) -- Tobacco, is the most heavily taxed of' all 'agricuiturall products, accordint'. ,` to Tobacco News. The e%cise tax collectea is $3 billion a y:ear-aa three times as much as tobacco farmers get' for their crops.. ARGUS Mti. Vernon, New York ; Diecember 7, 1961 CHANT HAS TO: AE FAST ATLANTA, - T2ba=o~ auction= lers have to chant fast. Thrv srll ~.. x p 16 400 piles of filnc-curcd to.. December 18, 1961 paccrn every hour-nearly siwcn ~ minute: A pile is usually atiou• pounds. ia63 PRESS ~ Grand Rap3ft, Michigani December'11, 1961 1'lone than ~i.li iirilii')u h:,.> hCIrn al!liropn:+te& lor c:inccr hy chc •rob.~ lj,di,str, r~. ~c;! rCll ( •nn]!tt It~ 00 . REGISTER' New Haven, Connecticut November 29, 1961' 16 RAISE TOAe1! CO TA%' - CHICAGO- Sixteen states have raised~ taxeson, cigarettesi sinee.Iune 30, 1960. Two; h7ichigan and! Kentucky, have reduced them. - State taxes on cigarettes now av- erage 6' cents a pack and thee federall tax 8, Some local govern- mcn'c also tax cicarettrs. ~ a 43,53753 NEwS' Bangor, Maine December 20, 1961 Cigarettes tipped with glass, silk, abodl straw, heavy cork and' parchment were sold in the w e 11-stocked Ehgiish tabacrn IJ635,17 v~8 ~3. STAR Kansas City, Mis'souri. December 7, 1961 More than $4,60'0',000 has been appropriated for cancerr research by the Tobacco In- dustry Research committee. NEWS Mt. Pleasant, Iowa November 30, 1961 SMOKERS PAY NEW YORK (UPI) - State taxes on tobacco products rosee nearly 50 per cent during the two year period 1959-60, accord- ing, to the trade publication To- bacco News. T~S Woburn, Massachulsetts December 26, 19611 TOBACCO CROP • ' TOTALS $1 BILLIOlIfi Farmers will get more than $1 bil'lion for their tobaccoo crops during the current tobac- co auction season, accord!ing to the latest issue of jobacco shop as far back as the 1660s.. - Some shops offered and! sugar filters. gum•spice -,-_ _ News, publ'ished- by Tne Tobac+ NEWS-SENTINEL Knoxville, Tennessee December 17, 1961 . One of th'R strongest factors leading to tHp westward ezpan• sion of the early Tidewater col* onies was th& demand for new land on which ito grow tobaccn: ~oa3s37ss cn Institut'e, Inc. The farmers' take is about nnP-third the amount tobacco users paid out in direct taxes nn inbacco products in t'he last ;i,.:ral year, says' the Institute. In Ciscal' 19I61, tobacco taxes .tntalydi a little over $3 billion. This year's tobacco crop iic bringing record prices, averag- HERALD AMERICAN North Long Beach, Ca1if. November 9, 1961 Scienice Briie#s Weed Eaters Insects are used to, destroy certatn weeds by the UtS: De- partment of Agriculture: Im- ported beetles cleared a half .million acres of weeds in Ca:i- ' fornia and the Northwest. Lun>: Cancer Dr. Joseph Berkson of the Mayo Clinic says medical sts-, tisticians may be on the wrong • track in trying to, link lung cancer to cigarette smoking. "I' don't think we have found any connection between smo- king and lung cancer;" he said. "There are top many compli- cated inter•relationships bound up with everything." . . . Tailored Taste Simple chemicall compoundb that reprodiiee tempting meat flavors were reported recently' to the American Chemical So- eiety. Future steaks and chops may be flavor-controlled. " . .. Wrong Answers A Bri!tishi pathologist. Dr. R~ A. Willis, says "More diagnos+ tic mistakes have been made in lung cancer tpan in any r other kind' of malignant Cis. ease." Nibbling' Away The person, who nibbles be+ tween meals may be less prane to heart or, circulatory troubles than the 3-meals-a-day type, report thrce scientists after tests wit'h chickens. inz ~ airroundl $65' per~~ 100, pnunds~ . for flu-cured leaf, which is the majnr ingredient in cigarettes, says the publicatfion.. Most nf' the 750,(tr)fli f a r mm famiiirc" who grow hobaccpi In, Ihe t'; S. sell their crops at auctions. The auction season runs from midsummer Into midwinter. At the auctions, tobacco lieaf, is~~ sol& t~o~ the highest bidder. -- The farmer has the right to re• Ject the sale i'f' he thinks the price Isn't right. ,

STAFi' Tucson, Arizona December 2, .196i ENTEEPAtISE & TIMES ockton, Mas'sachusetts December 27, 1961 For Better Butts WASHQIdGTON. - (UPI) - , t~ More than S3t4' millimn has been f,,,spent by the America:ni tobacco ~ Industry during, the past ninP years for new and improved ~)manufacturing, processinl; and resPanch facilities, the Tobacco ~Institute reportedi An adlTlLtonat! Os80 millton Is so far planned. Q for similar work this year. In« ~ cluded in the hnpriovement pro- ~,ram to date Is an Item of more f harr $1!64 million for new ma- c!iGne.ry, or more than half the i.otal ouqa9. -. r >$~4NNF~R Nashvilley Tennessee December 14, 1961 - = rM.~r(IF .. t-'i;Ot. - . ?' . NE41S-SENTINEL Knoxville, Tennessee December 17, 1_961 Snuffi'one of the early forms of tpharr0 adopted by Europeans, has maintained a substantial popularity in this country. About 35,p©0,0D0 pounds are usrd in makinti snuff, I Atlanta - The Llnitkd States tobacco crop,is converted to con- sumer products ini about 700 fac- toniRs in 32 states. 700 [lolrat•co f"':+ctlories i!u U.S. JOURNAL Winston-Salem, North Carolina December 2, 1961 Cash Cropa ' The first five cash crops in the United States are, in order, wheat, corn, tobacco, cotton and' soy beans. i Lewis andlClark found tobacco a big help;,~~ ~~ in blazing the trail through Indian territo ny to the Pacific in 1'81D4',0t1. They shared fa t~ •'\ bacco with every tribe they met, paving the ~ way for future trading and settlements 1~. 0 ~ e During the ColoradorGofd Rush ~ of' 11859, when 5U;p00 prospec- j tors rushed west, tobacco was ~ sold for its weight in gold dust. Today, 17,000,000, Americans depend on tobacco for all or part ofl their IiNelihood! ~ r r_r : Oa a % `~'.. ~ y Even the feared Comman- ches would' peacefully op- pr.oach wagon trains to beg fo,r, ttobacco. The Indians grew tobacco, but they pre- ferred the white man's leaf. nu 0 r: Y~ X~ N 1li0aiSt) 75+,J9 , Zwlore t'han 2,000 blind per- ;sons help to support them- solves by* ' operating tobacco. and news stands. LABOR HERALD Allentown, Pennsylvania November 15, 1961